https://devlaravel.imosver.com/en/libros/la-joven-europa-y-espana-00100307890010030789La joven Europa y España18.9Muchos hechos literarios del siglo xix sólo se entienden a la luz de la doctrina de «el arte por el arte», ya implícita en la Crítica de la razón práctica y Crítica del juicio kantianas, aunque los orhttps://static.arnoia.com/imagenes_small/9788475/978847584916.jpgLibrosLibros/HISTORIASin stockLAERTES000https://static.arnoia.com/imagenes_small/9788475/978847584916.jpg19.9512013/06/019788475849164Mansberger, RobertoLibrosaño_2013idioma_SpanishCformato_Tapa blanda o Bolsilloautor_Mansberger, Robertosaga_112
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La joven Europa y España
Mansberger Roberto
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Muchos hechos literarios del siglo xix sólo se entienden a la luz de la doctrina de «el arte por el arte», ya implícita en la Crítica de la razón práctica y Crítica del juicio kantianas, aunque los orígenes de la cuestión se remontan a épocas anteriores. Definida y divulgada por Victor Cousin en Francia, su implantación se extiende a otros países tras la derrota de los movimientos prerrevolucionarios que se conocen como Joven Europa (Joven Alemania, Joven Francia, Joven Italia, Joven Polonia, etc.). El rechazo por parte de la generación de 1848 de la moral filistea impuesta por la burguesía como clase dominante llevó a muchos artistas y escritores a refugiarse en «el arte por el arte» y a proclamar su supremacía sobre el llamado «arte docente». Ello dio origen a la aparición del realismo-naturalismo y a las escuelas parnasiana, simbolista y prerrafaelista en un contexto de pesimismo decadentista de raíces schopenhauerianas. El agrio debate sobre el Arte y la Moral se centró en la novela y la poesía. Los nombres de Baudelaire, Flaubert y Zola se erigieron en modelos y guías. En España la ausencia de una Joven Europa, debido a sus particulares circunstancias históricas, retrasará la aparición de la «cuestión» hasta la Restauración y adoptará finalmente la forma de una lucha entre casticistas y cosmopolitas. Valera y Campoamor, Clarín, Pardo Bazán y Menéndez Pelayo más los poetas premodernistas representan la aportación más importante al tema.