https://devlaravel.imosver.com/en/libros/afganistan-TER0016880TER0016880Afganistán20.9En julio de 1973 Mohammed Daud Khan, un miembro marginado de la familia real, derrocó al rey de Afganistán con el apoyo del Partido Democrático Popular de Afganistán comunista y proclamó la República.https://static.arnoia.com/imagenes_small/9788419/978841977819.jpgLibrosLibros/HISTORIASin stockVIEJO TOPO, EL000https://static.arnoia.com/imagenes_small/9788419/978841977819.jpgTER00148780010306635ALO00794142251.12023/09/019788419778192Martín Ramos, José LuisLibrosaño_2023idioma_SpanishCformato_Tapa blanda o Bolsilloautor_Martín Ramos, José Luissaga_VIEJO TOPO
Artículo
Afganistán
Martín Ramos José Luis
VIEJO TOPO, EL
HISTORIA
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En julio de 1973 Mohammed Daud Khan, un miembro marginado de la familia real, derrocó al rey de Afganistán con el apoyo del Partido Democrático Popular de Afganistán comunista y proclamó la República. El PDPA se dispuso a llevar adelante un programa de reformas revolucionarias que incluían la reforma agraria, la plena igualdad de derechos de la mujer y un programa de alfabetización que erosionaba el control de la educación y la cultura por parte del clero islámico. Pero la división del PDPA sobre el contenido inmediato de la revolución, democrática o socialista desestabilizó al nuevo régimen; luego el sectarismo de la facción vencedora facilitó una progresiva reacción islamista contra la República revolucionaria. Esa reacción creció exponencialmente cuando a comienzos de 1979 el gobierno de los EEUU vio en la situación afgana la ocasión para desestabilizar el sur musulmán de la URSS y pasó a financiar y apoyar logísticamente la contrarrevolución islamista, que derivó en una guerra civil que dio un nuevo salto cualitativo cuando en diciembre de 1979 tropas soviéticas entraron en Afganistán. La guerra civil convirtió a Afganistán en un nuevo escenario de confrontación entre EEUU y la URSS y desarticuló la sociedad afgana, que cayó masivamente en el narcotráfico, una fuente complementaria de financiación, fundamental para los islamistas. La retirada del apoyo directo de la URSS, y tras la caída de ésta de todo apoyo, acabó con la derrota de la República revolucionaria y la desestabilización permanente del Estado que la sucedió, preso del caudillismo y la permanencia de la narcoeconomía.